Institutions of 1901
Orphanages, industrial schools, poor law schools, asylums etc.
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PLEASE NOTE: The landscape of institutions in the nineteenth and early twentieth century was a very complex one and the organisations responsible for these institutions constantly changed (or their names changed). The details given here can be a guide only and cannot be taken as hard fact without further research.
Orphanage of Mercy
Address: Randolph Gardens, Kilburn NW
Description: Home of the Sisters of the Church & Orphanage for Destitute Children
What is an orphanage of Mercy?
St Vincent Homes
Address: 337 Harrow Road
Description: for Destitute Catholic Children (male)
More on St Vincent’s Homes
Victoria Orphanage
Address: Shirland Road, Paddington
What is an orphanage?
St Joseph's House
Address: Portobello Road
Description: Run by the Little Sisters of the Poor
National Industrial Home for Crippled Boys
Address: Wrights Lane, Kensington
What is an industrial school?
More on industrial schools
Kensington and Chelsea District Branch School, School for Paupers Children
Address: King Street, Hammersmith
More on this home http://www.formerchildrenshomes.org.uk/banstead_cottage_homes.html
Nazareth House
Address: Hammersmith Road
Description: Convent and Home for Aged and Infirm and Destitute Children
More on this home
Duke of York's Royal Military Asylum
Address: Cheltenham Terrace, Chelsea
What is an asylum?
Sisters of Charity of St Vincent de Paul
Address: Carlisle Place, Westminster
Description: Orphanage
More on St Vincent’s Homes
St Vincent de Paul's
Address: 9 Lower Seymour Street, Portman Square W
Description: Convent and Orphanage
More on St Vincent’s Homes
The Soldiers' Daughters' Home
Address: Rosslyn Hill, Hampstead
Description: School and Home for Orphan Daughters of Soldiers
Convent of the Sisters of Providence
Address: Bartrams, Hampstead Green and 198 Hampstead Hill NW
Description: School and Home for Roman Catholic Orphan and Other Children
Field Lane Certified Industrial School for Boys
Address: Hillfield Road, west Hampstead NW
What is an industrial school?
More on industrial schools
The Boys Home
Address: Regents Park Road
Description: Industrial School
What is an industrial school?
More on industrial schools
Foundling Hospital
Address: Guildford Street, St Pancras
What is a hospital?
Orphan Working School
Address: Maitland Park, St Pancras
What is a working home?
Alexandra Orphanage
Address: Hornsey Rise N
What is an orphanage?
Workhouse School
Address: Andover Row, Hornsey Road N
What is a workhouse school?
Royal Caledonian Asylum
Address: Caledonian Road, Holloway N
Description: Charitable Institution for the Maintenance and Education of Children of Soldiers Sailors and Marine
What is an asylum?
Highbury Truant School
Address: Highbury Grove, Islington
What is a truant school?
Upton House Truant School
Address: Urswick Road, Homerton NE
Description: Certified Industrial School for Truants
What is an industrial school?
More on industrial schools
King Edward Industrial School for Girls
Address: Andrews Road, Hackney NE
Description: Industrial School
What is an industrial school?
More on industrial schools
The Convent of the Sacred Heart
Address: Hassett Road, Homerton NE
Description: Certified School for Roman Catholic Poor Law Children
What is a poor law school?
Sidney Road Children’s Homes Hackney Union
Address: Sidney Road, Homerton NE
Description: Poor Law Cottage Homes (2 houses)
More on these homes
Children’s Homes
Address: near Victoria Park, Bethnal Green
Description: Wesleyan Orphanage
What is an orphanage?
Home for Little Cripples
Address: Grove Road, Bethnal Green
Boys’ Home Stepney
Address: 6, 10, 18, 26 Stepney Causeway, Stepney E
Infirmary of Dr Barnardos Home
Address: 16 Stepney Causeway, Stepney
More on Barnardos homes
School of Guardians of the Hamlet of Mile End Old Town
Address: Bancroft Road E/ workhouse school
What is a workhouse school?
The National Incorporated Waifs' Association
Address: Leopold House, 199 Burdett Road, Mile End E
Description: Barnardo’s Home and School for Little Boys
More on Barnardos homes
Boys Home
Address: Southwark Street
Description: Industrial Institution
What is an industrial school?
More on industrial schools
The Orphans’ House
Address: Austral Street, Southwark
Description: Orphanage
What is an orphanage?
School for the Indigent Blind
Address: Lambeth, Southwark
The Licensed Victualler's School
Address: Upper Kennington Lane, Lambeth SE
Description: Institution School Supported by Voluntary Contributions etc
Stockwell Orphanage
Address: Clapham Road, Stockwell
Description: Home and School for Fatherless Children
More on this home
Brixton Orphanage for 300 Fatherless Girls
Address: 53, 55, 57 Barrington Road, Brixton
What is an orphanage?
Freemen's Orphan Schools
Address: Ferndale Road, Stockwell
The British Home and Hospital for Incurables
Address: Crown Lane, Streatham SW
Jews' Hospital and Orphan Asylum
Address: Knights Hill Road, West Norwood SE
What is an asylum?
Royal Masonic Institution for Girls
Address: Clapham Junction SW
Description: for the Daughters of Freemasons Deceased or Meretricious
Emanuel School
Address: Wandsworth Common
Public Endowed Boarding and Day School
Carter Boys Home
Address: High Street, Clapham
Description: Working Home for Boys
What is a working home?
Royal Victoria Patriotic Asylum
Address: Wandsworth Common
Description: for Fatherless Daughters of Sailors, Soldiers and Marines
What is an asylum?
The Boys Home Reformatory
Address: Spanish Road, Wandsworth Common SW
Description: Certified Reformatory School
What is a reformatory?
Home for the Fatherless
Address: 64 - 76 Lewisham Road, Greenwich
St Mary's Roman Catholic School for Boys
Address: 128 High Street, Woolwich
Description: Certified Poor Law School
What is a poor law school?
All Saints Boys Orphanage
Address: Granville Park, Blackheath
What is an orphanage?
St Vincent's School
Address: Mill Hill, Hendon, Harrow
Description: Orphanage School and Home for Children
More on St Vincent’s Homes
St Margaret's Industrial School
Address: Mill Hill, Hendon, Harrow
What is an industrial school?
More on industrial schools
East London Industrial School
Address: Poison Street, Lewisham
What is an industrial school?
More on industrial schools
Warspite Training Ship
Address: River Thames off Hardens Manorway, Woolwich
What is a training ship?
South Metropolitan District Schools
Address: Wanstead Road, Sutton, Surrey
Description: Poor Law District Schools
What is a poor law school?
South Metropolitan District Schools
Address: Brighton Road, Sutton, Surrey
Description: Poor Law District Schools
What is a poor law school?
St John's Foundation School
Address: Epsom Road, Leatherhead
Description: For Maintaining and Educating, Free of Charge for a Period of Years, the Sons of Poor Clergy of the Church of England
Princess Mary Village Homes
Address: Crouch Oak Road, Addlestone
Description: Industrial School for Little Girls / cottage homes
More on this home
The Gordon Boys Home
Address: West End Chobham, Chertsey
The Shaftsbury School
Address: Bisley, Chertsey
Description: Boys Home Orphanage
What is an orphanage?
Farm School (in Connection with the "National Refuges for Homeless and Destitute Children")
Address: Bisley, Chertsey
Description: Orphanage (No Convicted Cases Accepted)
What is a farm school?
Mayford Industrial School
Address: Mayford, Woking
Description: Reformatory for Boys
What is a reformatory?
The Royal Albert Orphan Asylum
Address: Portsmouth Road, Camberley
What is an asylum?
King Edwards School
Address: Wormley Hill, Witley, Guildford
Description: School for Boys and Chaplain and Master’s Residences. Home for Destitute Boys
Royal Asylum of St Anne's Society
Address: Redhill, Reigate
Description: Home for Children
What is an asylum?
Church Missionaries Children's Home
Address: Lingfield, Reigate
Description: for the Children of Church of England Missionaries
The Housestead
Address: Lingfield, Reigate
Description: Training Colony and Children's Home
What is a training home?
Reedham Asylum
Address: Reedham, Coulsdon, Croydon
Description: School for Fatherless Children
What is an asylum?
North Surrey District School
Address: Anerley Road, Anerley, Penge
Description: Union School/ workhouse school
What is a workhouse school?
The Convent and Orphanage
Address: Central Hill, Upper Norwood
Description: Roman Catholic School and Convent
More on this home.
St Mary's Industrial School
Address: Wellesley Road, Croydon
Description: Roman Catholic for Girls
What is an industrial school?
More on industrial schools
St Georges Holborn Union Workhouse School
Address: Figgs Marsh, London Road, Wimbledon
Description: Workhouse School and Infirmary
What is a workhouse school?
Female Orphan Asylum
Address: Beddington Park, Wimbledon
Description: Orphan Schools
What is an asylum?
Warehousemen, Clerks' and Drapers' Schools
Address: Russell Hill, Purley
Description: Orphan Schools
The Princess Louise Home for Orphans and Deserted Children
Address: Gloucester Road, Kingston-upon-Thames
Sts Joseph and Anne Orphanage
Address: Farnborough, Sevenoaks
What is an orphanage?
St Vincent's Industrial School
Address: Dartford
Description: Industrial School for Roman Catholic Boys
More on St Vincent’s Homes
What is an industrial school?
More on industrial schools
Homes for Orphan Boys
Address: Hextable, Sutton at Stow, Dartford
Homes for Little Boys
Address: South Darenth, Horton Kirby, Dartford
Description: Home for Homeless Boys
Babies Castle
Address: Hawkhurst, Ashford
Description: Barnardo’s home
More on Barnardos homes
Kent County Industrial School
Address: Kingsnorth, West Ashford
Description: Certified Industrial School
What is an industrial school?
More on industrial schools
St Edwards School
Address: St Thomas Hill, Canterbury
Description: School for the Orphan Sons of the Clergy
Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb Children of the Poor
Address: Victoria Road, Isle of Thanet, Margate
Description: for Maintaining, Clothing and Educating Deaf and Dumb Children
What is an asylum?
Convalescent Home for Children
Address: Lawn House, Grosvenor Place, Isle of Thanet, Margate
Description: Roman Catholic Convalescent Home
More on children’s convalescent homes
Aston Union Cottage Homes
Address: Erdington, Aston (North Birmingham)
What are cottage homes?
More on this home
Sir Josiah Mason's Orphanage
Address: Bell Lane, Erdington
The Incorporated Birmingham Reformatory Institution
Address: Saltley, Birmingham
Description: Reformatory School for Juvenile Delinquents
What is a reformatory?
St Mary's Convent / St Joseph's Schools / The House of Mercy
Address: Hunters Road and Birmingham Street, Aston
Description: Convent / Certified Poor Law School / House for Training Servants
What is a poor law school?
Princess Alice Orphanage
Address: New Oscott, Sutton Coldfield
More on orphanages.
The Industrial School
Address: The Shawberry, FIllongley, Nuneaton
What is an industrial school?
More on industrial schools
The Orphanage and Roman Catholic Convent
Address: Southam, Rugby
What is an orphanage?
Cottage Homes
Address: Countesthorpe, Blaby
Description: Homes for Children Chargeable to the Rates of the Parish of Leicester
What are cottage homes?
More on cottage homes
Desford Industrial School
Address: Ratby, Market Bosworth
Description: Certified Industrial
What is an industrial school?
More on industrial schools
Nottingham Training Institution for Pauper Children
Address: Hartley Road, Nottingham
What is a training home?
Royal Institution for the Deaf and Dumb
Address: St John, Derby
Description: Institution for the Education of Deaf Mutes
The Railway Servants’ Orphanage
Address: Ashbourne Road, Derby
Description: For the Children of Deceased Railway Employees
More on this home
The Chesterfield Union Industrial School
Address: Ashgate Road, Chesterfield
What is an industrial school?
More on industrial schools
Boys Industrial School
Address: Hall Street, Offerton,
Description: Certified School
What is an industrial school?
More on industrial schools
Barnes Home
Address: Didsbury Road, Heaton Norris, Stretford
Description: Industrial School for Boys
What is an industrial school?
More on industrial schools
Bishop Brown's Memorial Schools
Address: High Street, Stockport
Description: Industrial Schools
What is an industrial school?
More on industrial schools
Manchester Warehousemen and Clerks Orphanage
Address: Cheadle Hulme, Altrincham
Description: Institution for Orphans of the Warehousemen and Clerks of Manchester and District
What is an orphanage?
Macclesfield Certified Industrial School
Address: Brook Street, Macclesfield
Description: Certified Industrial School for Boys
What is an industrial school?
More on industrial schools
Chorlton Union Cottage Homes
Address: Styal, Wilmslow
Description: Homes for Children Chargeable to Chorlton Union
What are cottage homes?
More on cottage homes
Manchester Certified Industrial School (Girls Branch)
Address: Northenden Road, Sale
Description: Industrial School for Girls
What is an industrial school?
More on industrial schools
Certified Industrial School
Address: Boughton, Chester
What is an industrial school?
More on industrial schools
Children's Convalescent Home
Address: Meols Drive, Hoylake cum West Kirby
Description: Charitable Institution to Receive Children of Poor Parents Convalescent from Illness of Non-Infectious Character
More on children’s convalescent homes
Albert Industrial School
Address: Corporation Road, Birkenhead
What is an industrial school?
More on industrial schools
Training Ship "Indefatigable"
Address: Off New Ferry Cheshire River Mersey, Birkenhead
Description: for Schooling and Training as Seamen the Orphans of Sailors and Other Destitute Children
What is a training ship?
Orphans’ Asylum
Address: Mrytle Street and Melville Place, Abercromby
Description: Home and School
What is an asylum?
School for Deaf and Dumb
Address: Melville Place, Abercromby
Blue Coat Hospital
Address: School Lane, Abercromby
More on this home
Catholic Orphanage for girls
Address: Falkener Street, Abercromby
What is an orphanage?
Holy Trinity Certified Industrial Schools
Address: 77 Grafton Street, West Toxteth, Liverpool
What is an industrial school?
More on industrial schools
Nazareth House
Address: Great Crosby, Southport
Description: Home for Old People, Orphans, Destitute Children
More on this home
Liverpool School Board Truants School
Address: Hightown, Sefton
Description: Certified Industrial School
What is an industrial school?
More on industrial schools
West Derby Union Cottage Homes for Children
Address: Fazakerley, Sefton
What are cottage homes?
More on cottage homes
Kirkdale Industrial School
Address: Kirkdale, Liverpool
What is an industrial school?
More on industrial schools
Girls Industrial School
Address: Northumberland Terrace, Everton, Liverpool
What is an industrial school?
More on industrial schools
Beacon Lane Orphanage
Address: Beacon Road, Kirkdale, Liverpool
Description: Catholic Boys’ Orphanage
What is an orphanage?
St George Industrial School for Boys (Roman Catholic)
Address: 137a West Derby Road, Everton, Liverpool
What is an industrial school?
More on industrial schools
Certified Industrial School for boys
Address: 99 and 95 Everton Terrace, Liverpool
What is an industrial school?
More on industrial schools
St Elizabeth's Institute
Address: 64 Breckfield Road South, Liverpool
Description: Certified Industrial School for Girls (Roman Catholic)
What is an industrial school?
More on industrial schools
St Vincent de Paul's Roman Catholic Home for Boys
Address: 105 Shaw Street, Liverpool
More on St Vincent’s Homes
Catholic Blind Asylum
Address: 59 Brunswick Road, Liverpool
Description: School for Industry
What is an asylum?
The Liverpool Seamen's Orphan Institution
Address: Orphan Drive, Newsham Park, Liverpool
Description: A House and School for the Training and Education of the Orphan Children of Liverpool Seamen
More on this home
Bishop O'Reilly Memorial Poor Law Schools
Address: Honeygreen Road, Liverpool
Description: Roman Catholic Training Institution
What is a poor law school?
St Anne's Industrial School
Address: West Lane, Freshfield, Southport
Description: A Certified Industrial School for Girls
What is an industrial school?
More on industrial schools
Birkdale Farm School
Address: Ainsdale, Birkdale
Description: Reformatory
What is a farm school?
What is a reformatory?
Liverpool Farm School
Address: Newton le Willows, Lancashire
Description: Reformatory
What is a farm school?
What is a reformatory?
Warrington Union Schools
Address: Poulton with Farmhead, Warrington
Description: Workhouse Schools
What is a workhouse school?
Bolton and County of Lancaster Certified Industrial School
Address: Lostock Junction, Deane, Bolton
Description: Industrial Reformatory for Boys
What is an industrial school?
More on industrial schools
The Children's Home
Address: Edgeworth, Westhoughton, Bolton
Description: Orphanage and refuge
More on this home
Eden's Orphanage
Address: Astley Bridge, Bolton
Description: Home for Orphan Children, or Semi Orphans, whose Parent or Parents Lived Within the Area of the Bolton Poor Law Union
What is an orphanage?
Holly Mount
Address: Tottington, Green Mount
Description: Poor Law School
What is a poor law school?
Township of Manchester Poor Law School
Address: Chorley Road, Swinton, Eccles
What is a poor law school?
Royal Deaf and Dumb Institution
Address: Chester Road, Old Trafford, Stretford
Henshaws Blind Asylum
Address: Chester Road, Old Trafford, Stretford
Description: School, workshops and home
What is an asylum?
The Nicholls Hospital for the Maintenance and Education of the Sons of Honest, Industrious and Poor Persons
Address: Hyde Road, Ardwick, Manchester
What is a hospital?
St Joseph’s Girls Certified Industrial School
Address: Victoria Road, Victoria Park, Rusholme
What is an industrial school?
More on industrial schools
St Josephs Certified Industrial School for Boys
Address: Richmond Grove, Longsight, Manchester
What is an industrial school?
More on industrial schools
Girls Mutual Aid Home
Address: 85 Rumford Street, Oxford Road, Manchester
Description: Training Home for Girls
What is a training home?
Boys and Girls Refuges and Children's Aid Society
Address: Strangeways, Cheetham, Manchester
Description: Charitable Institution - Undenominational
Manchester and Salford Reformatory
Address: Blackley, Prestwich, Manchester
What is a reformatory?
Henshaw's Blue Coat School
Address: Horsedge Street, Oldham
Description: Institution for Deserving Poor Boys
More on this home
Rochdale Union Cottage Homes (for Children Chargeable to the Guardians of the Poor)
Address: Middlewood, Whitworth
What are cottage homes?
More on cottage homes
St Joseph's Orphanage
Address: Theatre Street, Preston
Description: Roman Catholic Institution
What is an orphanage?
St Vincent Boys Home
Address: Garstang Road, Fulwood, Preston
Description: Home for Roman Catholic Boys
More on St Vincent’s Homes
Harris Orphanage
Address: Fulwood, Preston
Description: Home for Orphan Boys and Girls
North Lancashire Reformatory for Boys
Address: Bleasdale, Garstang, Lancaster
Description: A School for the Training and Education of Lads Convicted of Crime
What is a reformatory?
Shadwell Industrial School,
Address: Shadwell Lane, Wetherby
Description: Certified Industrial School for Boys
What is an industrial school?
More on industrial schools
St John's Institution for Deaf and Dumb (only)
Address: Clifford, Wetherby
Thorp Wick Grange Industrial School
Address: Thirsk, Wetherby
What is an industrial school?
More on industrial schools
Adel Reformatory
Address: Adel, Wharfedale
Description: Reformatory for Boys
What is a reformatory?
Keighley Union Workhouse, Infirmary and Cottage Homes
Address: Oakworth Road, Fell Lane, Keighley
What are cottage homes?
More on cottage homes
Home of Good Shepherd Industrial School
Address: Shebdon, Southowram, Elland
Description: Certified Industrial School for Roman Catholic Boys
What is an industrial school?
More on industrial schools
The Orphanage
Address: Savile Park, Skircoat, Halifax
Description: Home and School for Orphan Children
More on this home
St Mary's R C Convent and Orphanage
Address: Richmond Hill, Leeds
What is an orphanage?
Leeds Union Moral and Industrial Training School
Address: Becket Street, Leeds
What is a training home?
Home for Blind and Dumb
Address: Blenheim Walk, Leeds
Description: Under Leeds School Board
St Chad's House
Address: Headingley, Leeds
Description: Church of England Incorporated Society for Providing Homes for Waifs and Strays
Calder Farm Reformatory School for boys
Address: Hopton, Mirfield, Morley
What is a reformatory?
St Joseph's Home
Address: Howard Road, Nether Hallam, Sheffield
Description: Catholic Home and Reformatory for Girls
What is a reformatory?
Boys Charity School
Address: East Parade, Sheffield
Sheffield Union Children’s Homes (Headquarters)
Address: Smilter Lane, Pitsmoor, Brightside, SheffieldWhat are cottage homes?
More on cottage homes
Boys’ Industrial School
Address: Marygate, Bootham, York
What is an industrial school?
More on industrial schools
Cumberland County Industrial School for boys
Address: Cockermouth
What is an industrial school?
More on industrial schools
Clergy's Daughters' School
Address: Casterton, South Westmorland, Kendal
Reformatory School
Address: Spalding Moor, Howden
Description: Roman Catholic
Port of Hull Orphan Homes
Address: Cottingham Road, Hull
Description:cottage homes
What are cottage homes?
More on cottage homes
Cottage Homes of the Sculcoates Union
Address: Hessle, Howden
What are cottage homes?
More on cottage homes
Boys Truants Industrial School
Address: Marlborough Terrace, Hull
What is an industrial school?
More on industrial schools
The Hull Seamen's and General Orphan Asylum
Address: Spring Bank, Hull
More on orphanages
Castle Howard Reformatory School
Address: Bulmer with Welburn, Malton, Thirsk
Description: Certified by the Home Office for the Reception and Detention of Not More Than 100 Boys Under 19 Years of Age
What is a reformatory?
Nazareth House
Address: Park Road North, Middlesbrough
More on this home
St Joseph's Home
Address: Carmel Road, Darlington
Description: Industrial School
What is an industrial school?
More on industrial schools
Certified Industrial School
Address: Witton Gilbert, Chester le Street, Durham
Description: Certified Industrial School for 150 Boys
What is an industrial school?
More on industrial schools
Abbot Memorial School
Address: Durham Road, Gateshead
Description: Industrial School
What is an industrial school?
More on industrial schools
Deaf and Dumb Asylum
Address: North Road, Newcastle upon Tyne
Description: School for Deaf Mutes
What is an asylum?
Industrial School for Boys and Girls
Address: Jubilee Road, Newcastle upon Tyne
What is an industrial school?
More on industrial schools
Wellesley - Training Ship
Address: North Shields Harbour, Tynemouth
What is a training ship?
North Eastern Reformatory for Boys
Address: Nedderton, Wansbeck, Stannington
What is a reformatory?
Chadwick Memorial Industrial School
Address: Moor Edge, Gosforth, Tyneside
What is an industrial school?
More on industrial schools
Ashburton Home (St Elizabeth)
Address: Ashburton Road, Gosforth, Tyneside
Description: Industrial School
What is an industrial school?
More on industrial schools
Caerleon Schools
Address: Mill Street, Caerleon, South Monmouth
Description: The Separate Schools of the Newport Union
What are cottage homes?
More on cottage homes
Nazareth House
Address: Blackweir, Cardiff
Description: Home for the Aged and Orphans
More on this home
Cottage Homes
Address: Llantwitfardre, East Glamoran
Description: Homes for Pauper Children
What are cottage homes?
More on cottage homes
The Aberdare Industrial School
Address: Trecymon, Merthyr Tydfil
Description: Formerly the Parish Infirmary, Large Stone Building with Extensive Grounds
What is an industrial school?
More on industrial schools
Convent and Orphanage
Address: Pantasaph, Holywell, Flint
What is an orphanage?
Reformatory School for Roman Catholic Boys
Address: Mold, Holywell, Flint
What is a reformatory?
Training Ship "Clio"
Address: Menai Straits, Anglesey
Description: Industrial Training Ship
What is a training ship?
Industrial Home for Orphans and Destitute Children
Address: Strathallan Hall, Douglas
What is an industrial school?
More on industrial schools
Jersey Industrial School
Address: St Martins, Gory
What is an industrial school?
More on industrial schools
We tend to think of asylums as places where people with mental illness are sent. In the nineteenth century the term was used much more broadly suggesting a general residential institution such as a children's home or orphanage.
Birmingham Diocesan Rescue Society
This Catholic organisation was founded in 1902 and is now known as Father Hudson's Society or Father Hudson's Care/ Still in existence today, their website is: www.fatherhudsons.org.uk
Catholic Protection and Rescue Society
(also known as the Catholic Protection and Rescue Society for orphans and homeless children)
Based in the Diocese of Salford, this was founded in 1886 by Bishop Vaughn (1872-1892). In 2010, this organisation became part of Caritas Diocese of Salford www.caritassalford.org.uk
Another name for tuberculosis or TB.
The cottage homes were built by Poor Law Unions as children's homes to take children out of the workhouse.
To learn more about life in cottage homes, there is just one major resouce. It covers most of the cottage homes that were in existance.It is available directly from the publishers here.
These were established in the 19th century as small local, often rural, hospitals which achieved funding through Poor Law legislation or local philanthropists to provide care for those who otherwise could not afford it.
This was established in 1859 and set up its first two homes in that year - St Mary's for girls in Walthamstow and St Vincent's in Hammersmith for boys. In 1985, the Crusade of Rescue became the Catholic Children’s Society (Westminster) which is still functioning today.
http://www.cathchild.org.uk/
Farm schools were generally used for training children in farming skills - a working farm on which the children could do their learning while themselves working. They were generally certified as a form of industrial school or reformatory (see below).
Father Berry's Homes for Friendless Catholic Children
Under the Liverpool Catholic Children's Protection Society (founded 1881), Father John Berry set up his first home in 1892 - St Phlips on Marble Street. He then took over a home in Shaw Street called St Vincent de Paul's House. Other homes on Shaw Street followed. Due to ill-health, he had to leave Liverpool in 1897 and the Society changed its name to Homes for Catholic Friendless Youths (Father Berry's Homes) and went on to open two homes in Canada for emigrated children - St. George's Home for Boys, Ottawa and St. Vincent's Home for Girls, Montreal.
In the 19th century, this was thought of as a medical term which meant that the oerson had some form of mental impairment - perhaps a learning disability or a mental illness. The British government's Royal Commission on the Care and Control of the Feeble-Minded (1904–1908), in its Report in 1908 defined the feeble-minded as:
[P]ersons who may be capable of earning a living under favourable circumstances, but are incapable from mental defect, existing from birth or from an early age: (1) of competing on equal terms with their normal fellows, or (2) of managing themselves and their affairs with ordinary prudence.
Fevers such as small pox and typhus were a massive problem in 19th century London, so much so that fever hispitals were established (through donations from benefactors to keep people with such infectious diseases all in one place - away from other hospitals and the workhouses where the infections may spread. Fever hospitals were also known as isolation hospitals.
Some early children's homes were called hospitals. They were not hospitals as we think of them but were more like what we understand as orphanages.
Directly translated from the French, this means hostel of God. They were established by the Catholic church as hospitals for the poor.
An institution for 'fallen women', primarily women who were pregnant and not married. They were Anglican organisations set up in the latter part of nineteenth century.
Unlike reformatories, children sent to residential industrial schools in the nineteenth century had not been found guilty of a crime but were thought likely to be criminals in the future (because of their circumstances or the company they kept) and so were sent to industrial schools for discipline and training. In later years, certainly by 1911, the difference between industrial and reform schools blurred with more children sent to industrial schools by the courts.
To add to the potenital confusion, many cottage homes and orphnages were also certified as industrial schools and thus, for part or all of their history may have been known as industrial schools rather than orphanages.
More on industrial schools here.
International Catholic Society for Protecting Girls (also known as the International Catholic Association of Organisations for the Protection of Girls)
This group was established in 1897 in Switzerland "to meet the needs of young girls who, because of social changes, had to live away from their own families". It is know known as the International Catholic Society for Girls.
Liverpool Catholic Reformatory Association
This was set up in 1863 to fund and manager reform schools. The first reform school it took on was the Ship Reformatory for boys in an fomer warship, the Clarence. This ran until it burnt down in 1899. In 1940, the Association became the Liverpool Catholic Training Schools Association.
Lying in hospitals were effectively the first dedicated maternity hospitals. The lying-in period was the period after childbirth when it was thought healthy for women to have a period of bed rest.
Magdalen Asylum aka Mary Magdalene Asylums
Also known as Magdalene Laundries, these Catholic institutions generally took in women who were unmarried and pregnant. The fist Magdalene Laundries opened in London in 1758 (followed by similar institutions in Ireland). Many of these laundries were run as workouses with terrible conditions in them.
Metropolitan Asylums Board (MAB)
The Board was set up by the Poor Laws in 1867 for the population of London who were both ill and poor. In 1930, its role was taken over by the London County Council.
This was a term used to describe (generally large) residential institutions for orphans. Some orphanages adhered strictly to taking in only orphans, others also took in children who had lost only one parent or whose family were destitute.
More on orphanages here
To learn more about life in Victorian orphanages, there is just one major resouce. It is available directly from the publishers here.
Poor Law Schools
The Poor Law Act of 1834 provided that poor children, including those in the workhouses should be given a basic education. Further Acts formalised this and increased the amount of education all children should receive. It was this 1834 Act that meant that Poor Law Unions - geographical areas - should send money on providing free education for poor children. Some of these schools were known as Poor Law Schools.
A receiving home was a short-term home, Children would stay for a matter of days or weeks while they were assessed and a permanent placement could be found. The idea of receiving homes continued until late into the twentieth century.
Reformatories (also called reform schools)
were where children were sent by the courts if found guilty of a crime. They were strict places where children would receive some training in a work-based skill.
More on reformatories here.
Salesian Schools / Institutions
A Roman Catholic ecducation and religius education instituion estacbklished by Salesian Congregation of Saint John Bosco. They were intended for boys who were in need.
This was generally used as another term for an industrial school ie. a home to which children were sent if it was thought that they may need extra discipline to dissuade them from getting into trouble in the future.
A novel take on the industrial school was the industrial training ship. Children would be sent to the ships - there were several in 1901 - in the same way they would be sent to an industrial school. They would receive training appropriate for them to become a sailor. Training ships may also have been certified as industrial schools.
Truant schools were, in effect, a form of short-term industrial school. Whereas children were likely to be sent to industrial schools for a number of years, if not the remainder of their childhoods, children who were truanting could be sent for a lesser time to a truant school. In the early twentieth century, the term disappeared and the function merged with that of industrial schools.
More on industrial schools here
Workhouse School
When Poor Law Unions were building separate residential accommodation for children, distinct from the workhouse, they were often called workhouse schools or Poor Law Schools. Generally, at the beginning of the twentieth century, these workhouse schools were either replaced or renamed as cottage homes or children's homes.
Working boys' and girls' homes
The idea behind homes for working children is that they would be a stepping stone between a children's home or orphanage and independent living. Older children would go into the working children's home and be helped into a job from which they would pay the home a proportion of their earnings for their board and lodging The idea continued until the 1970s.
PLEASE NOTE: The landscape of insututions in the nineteenth and early twentieth century was a very complex one and the organisations responsible for these institutions constantly changed (or their names changed). The details given here can be a guide only and cannot be taken as hard fact without further research.
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